Political Sociology
Pegah Kheirollahi; Hamid Dehghani; hamid nassaj
Abstract
The Islamic revolution in Iran, as one of the steps in the democratization process has been studied in many different aspects however there are no studies that have concentrated on its state-society relations. This article was done to study state relations from 1963 to 1979 by the historical institutionalism ...
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The Islamic revolution in Iran, as one of the steps in the democratization process has been studied in many different aspects however there are no studies that have concentrated on its state-society relations. This article was done to study state relations from 1963 to 1979 by the historical institutionalism method. At first, the most important events in the mentioned period were reviewed and the mode of interaction between the state and society was studied then the historical institutionalism method and casual and temporal relations of social and political events were determined. The results of the research have shown that at the beginning of the revolution process (1963), the state was powerful however confrontational policies of the state during many years, caused that after the Black Friday event in Iran, despite the state tried to make the political arena freer, the society used that opportunity against the state until its overcoming on the state.
hassan ahmadi; Hosein Harsij; hamid nassaj; Abbas Hatami
Abstract
According to Huntington, quantitative growth and qualitative change of a new middle class lead to the development of civil institutions and the decline of authoritarian symbols, and majority for political changes are supported. The question is that why the process of political changes has not been materialized ...
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According to Huntington, quantitative growth and qualitative change of a new middle class lead to the development of civil institutions and the decline of authoritarian symbols, and majority for political changes are supported. The question is that why the process of political changes has not been materialized in spite of this class increase in Saudi Arabia and Iraq? Based on the theory of transition to democracy and the comparative method, findings show that both countries are similar in increasing symbolic features of emerged middle classes, such as the development of higher education, bureaucracy and per capita income. However, due to cultural barriers, the rentier nature of the government, the patronage relationship, and the negative role of the external factor, any role in advancing democratization is excluded from this class, and tactical liberalization from above may lead to revolutionary change if democratic demands are not met, and may cause a general uprising. Political instability and structures imposed by American after the collapse of the Baathist regime are also responsible for dysfunction of this classes in Iraq in the establishment of democracy while Iraq has passed the first process of democratization by the collapse regime of Saddam and entered the second phase of democratic institutional consolidation, yet Saudi Arabia has faced serious barriers in her first phase.
